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The Grand Duchy of Cracow[1][2] (German: Großherzogtum Krakau, Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Kraków to Austria on November 16, 1846. The title of Grand Duke of Cracow was just a part of the official titulary of the Emperor of Austria in 1846-1918.
The Free City, a remnant of the Duchy of Warsaw, had been made a protectorate, however functionally independent, as a result of the Congress of Vienna (1815). It was under Prussian, Austrian, and Russian trilateral influence until, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Kraków Uprising, it was annexed by the Austrian Empire (1846).
At the same time the official name of the Austrian administrative entity containing approximately Galicia, and some Polish areas west of it, was changed to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and the Grand Duchy of Cracow with the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator.
These entities (Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Cracow, Duchy of Auschwitz, and Duchy of Zator) were formally separate; they were listed each in the Austrian emperor's titles, each had its distinct coat of arms and flag. For administrative purposes, however, they formed a single province.
The Duchy had its own local government, Governorate Commission (Polish: Komisja Gubernialna).
| Territory (major city) |
Zamosch area | New Galicia (Lublin) |
Krakau area | Neu Sandez area | Galicia (Lemberg) |
Tarnopol area | Bukovina (Czernowitz) |
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| Years | western | eastern | |||||||||||
| before 1769 | part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth | part of Moldavia | |||||||||||
| 1769–1772 | to Austria, ca. 1769 | ||||||||||||
| 1772–1775 | First Partition of Poland, 1772 | First Partition of Poland, 1772 | |||||||||||
| 1775–1789 | Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria including the duchies of Auschwitz and Zator; part of the Habsburg Empire, 1772–1804; of the Austrian Empire, 1804–1867; of Cisleithania, Austria–Hungary, 1867–1918 |
Bukovina Military District, 1775–1789 | |||||||||||
| 1789–1795 | Bukovina District, 1789–1849 | ||||||||||||
| 1795–1803 | Third Partition of Poland, 1795 New Galicia (or West Galicia) |
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| 1803–1809 | New Galicia merged into Galicia, 1803 | ||||||||||||
| 1809–1815 | to the Duchy of Warsaw, 1809–1815 | to Russia, 1809–1815 | |||||||||||
| 1815–1846 | to the "Congress" Kingdom of Poland, 1815–1918 | Free City of Cracow, 1815–1846 | |||||||||||
| 1846–1849 | Grand Duchy of Cracow, 1846–1918 | ||||||||||||
| 1849–1918 | Duchy of Bukovina, 1849–1918 | ||||||||||||
| 1918–1919 | to Poland, 1918 | West Ukrainian National Republic, 1918–1919 | to Romania, 1918 | ||||||||||
| after 1919 | |||||||||||||
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